{
  "source": "BrailleChart",
  "url": "https://braillechart.com/hi/",
  "standard": "Bharati Braille 2.1, grade 1",
  "language": "hi",
  "revision": {
    "name": "Bharati Braille 2.1",
    "released": "2026-01-04",
    "by": "Braille Council of India and NIEPVD, Dehradun",
    "note": "liblouis revised its Devanagari table to this on 2026-02-26. The table shipped with liblouis 3.29.0 is the 2014 one and writes 250 of the 5,000 commonest Hindi words differently."
  },
  "licence": "Public-domain reference data. Attribution appreciated.",
  "codes": [
    {
      "code": "ueb",
      "language": "en",
      "standard": "Unified English Braille",
      "grade": 2,
      "url": "https://braillechart.com/api/full.json"
    },
    {
      "code": "es-g1",
      "language": "es",
      "standard": "Braille español, grado 1",
      "grade": 1,
      "url": "https://braillechart.com/api/es/full.json"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt-g1",
      "language": "pt",
      "standard": "Braille português, grau 1",
      "grade": 1,
      "url": "https://braillechart.com/api/pt/full.json"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar-g1",
      "language": "ar",
      "standard": "Unified Arabic Braille, grade 1",
      "grade": 1,
      "url": "https://braillechart.com/api/ar/full.json"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi-g1",
      "language": "hi",
      "standard": "Bharati Braille 2.1, grade 1",
      "grade": 1,
      "url": "https://braillechart.com/api/hi/full.json"
    }
  ],
  "letters": [
    {
      "letter": "अ",
      "dots": "1",
      "char": "⠁",
      "slug": "a",
      "matra": null,
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "a"
        },
        {
          "kind": "digit",
          "text": "1"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "आ",
      "dots": "345",
      "char": "⠜",
      "slug": "aa",
      "matra": "ा",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "ar"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "इ",
      "dots": "24",
      "char": "⠊",
      "slug": "i",
      "matra": "ि",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "i"
        },
        {
          "kind": "digit",
          "text": "9"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ई",
      "dots": "35",
      "char": "⠔",
      "slug": "ii",
      "matra": "ी",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "in"
        },
        {
          "kind": "wordsign",
          "text": "in"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "उ",
      "dots": "136",
      "char": "⠥",
      "slug": "u",
      "matra": "ु",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "u"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "us"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ऊ",
      "dots": "1256",
      "char": "⠳",
      "slug": "uu",
      "matra": "ू",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "ou"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ऋ",
      "dots": "5-1235",
      "char": "⠐⠗",
      "slug": "ri",
      "matra": "ृ",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "initialPrefix",
          "text": "character"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ॠ",
      "dots": "6-1235",
      "char": "⠠⠗",
      "slug": "rii",
      "matra": "ॄ",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "indicator",
          "text": "Capital letter sign"
        },
        {
          "kind": "indicator",
          "text": "Capital word sign"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ऌ",
      "dots": "5-123",
      "char": "⠐⠇",
      "slug": "li",
      "matra": "ॢ",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "initialPrefix",
          "text": "character"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ॡ",
      "dots": "6-123",
      "char": "⠠⠇",
      "slug": "lii",
      "matra": "ॣ",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "indicator",
          "text": "Capital letter sign"
        },
        {
          "kind": "indicator",
          "text": "Capital word sign"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ए",
      "dots": "15",
      "char": "⠑",
      "slug": "e",
      "matra": "े",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "e"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "every"
        },
        {
          "kind": "digit",
          "text": "5"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ऐ",
      "dots": "34",
      "char": "⠌",
      "slug": "ai",
      "matra": "ै",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "st"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ऑ",
      "dots": "1346",
      "char": "⠭",
      "slug": "candra-o",
      "matra": "ॉ",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "x"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "it"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ओ",
      "dots": "135",
      "char": "⠕",
      "slug": "o",
      "matra": "ो",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "o"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "औ",
      "dots": "246",
      "char": "⠪",
      "slug": "au",
      "matra": "ौ",
      "kind": "vowel",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "ow"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "क",
      "dots": "13",
      "char": "⠅",
      "slug": "ka",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "k"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "knowledge"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ख",
      "dots": "46",
      "char": "⠨",
      "slug": "kha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "finalPrefix",
          "text": "ound"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ग",
      "dots": "1245",
      "char": "⠛",
      "slug": "ga",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "g"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "go"
        },
        {
          "kind": "digit",
          "text": "7"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "घ",
      "dots": "126",
      "char": "⠣",
      "slug": "gha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "gh"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ङ",
      "dots": "346",
      "char": "⠬",
      "slug": "nga",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "ing"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "च",
      "dots": "14",
      "char": "⠉",
      "slug": "ca",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "c"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "can"
        },
        {
          "kind": "digit",
          "text": "3"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "छ",
      "dots": "16",
      "char": "⠡",
      "slug": "cha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "ch"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ज",
      "dots": "245",
      "char": "⠚",
      "slug": "ja",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "j"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "just"
        },
        {
          "kind": "digit",
          "text": "0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "झ",
      "dots": "356",
      "char": "⠴",
      "slug": "jha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "wordsign",
          "text": "was"
        },
        {
          "kind": "punctuation",
          "text": "”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ञ",
      "dots": "25",
      "char": "⠒",
      "slug": "nya",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "lowerGroupsign",
          "text": "cc"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lowerGroupsign",
          "text": "con"
        },
        {
          "kind": "punctuation",
          "text": ":"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ट",
      "dots": "23456",
      "char": "⠾",
      "slug": "tta",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "with"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ठ",
      "dots": "2456",
      "char": "⠺",
      "slug": "ttha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "will"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ड",
      "dots": "1246",
      "char": "⠫",
      "slug": "dda",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "ed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ढ",
      "dots": "123456",
      "char": "⠿",
      "slug": "ddha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "for"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ण",
      "dots": "3456",
      "char": "⠼",
      "slug": "nna",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "indicator",
          "text": "Number sign"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "त",
      "dots": "2345",
      "char": "⠞",
      "slug": "ta",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "t"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "that"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "थ",
      "dots": "1456",
      "char": "⠹",
      "slug": "tha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "th"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "द",
      "dots": "145",
      "char": "⠙",
      "slug": "da",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "d"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "do"
        },
        {
          "kind": "digit",
          "text": "4"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ध",
      "dots": "2346",
      "char": "⠮",
      "slug": "dha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "the"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "न",
      "dots": "1345",
      "char": "⠝",
      "slug": "na",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "n"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "not"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "प",
      "dots": "1234",
      "char": "⠏",
      "slug": "pa",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "p"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "people"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "फ",
      "dots": "124",
      "char": "⠋",
      "slug": "pha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "f"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "from"
        },
        {
          "kind": "digit",
          "text": "6"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ब",
      "dots": "12",
      "char": "⠃",
      "slug": "ba",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "b"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "but"
        },
        {
          "kind": "digit",
          "text": "2"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "भ",
      "dots": "45",
      "char": "⠘",
      "slug": "bha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "initialPrefix",
          "text": "these"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "म",
      "dots": "134",
      "char": "⠍",
      "slug": "ma",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "m"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "more"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "य",
      "dots": "13456",
      "char": "⠽",
      "slug": "ya",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "y"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "you"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "र",
      "dots": "1235",
      "char": "⠗",
      "slug": "ra",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "r"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "rather"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ल",
      "dots": "123",
      "char": "⠇",
      "slug": "la",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "l"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "like"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ळ",
      "dots": "456",
      "char": "⠸",
      "slug": "lla",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "initialPrefix",
          "text": "cannot"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "व",
      "dots": "1236",
      "char": "⠧",
      "slug": "va",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "v"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "very"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "श",
      "dots": "146",
      "char": "⠩",
      "slug": "sha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "sh"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ष",
      "dots": "12346",
      "char": "⠯",
      "slug": "ssa",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "and"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "स",
      "dots": "234",
      "char": "⠎",
      "slug": "sa",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "s"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "so"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ह",
      "dots": "125",
      "char": "⠓",
      "slug": "ha",
      "kind": "consonant",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "h"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "have"
        },
        {
          "kind": "digit",
          "text": "8"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "क्ष",
      "dots": "12345",
      "char": "⠟",
      "slug": "ksha",
      "kind": "conjunct",
      "spelledOut": "क + ष",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "letter",
          "text": "q"
        },
        {
          "kind": "alphabeticWordsign",
          "text": "quite"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "letter": "ज्ञ",
      "dots": "156",
      "char": "⠱",
      "slug": "gya",
      "kind": "conjunct",
      "spelledOut": "ज + ञ",
      "uebSameCell": [
        {
          "kind": "groupsign",
          "text": "wh"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "matras": [
    {
      "matra": "ा",
      "vowel": "आ",
      "dots": "345",
      "char": "⠜",
      "onCarrier": "का"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ि",
      "vowel": "इ",
      "dots": "24",
      "char": "⠊",
      "onCarrier": "कि"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ी",
      "vowel": "ई",
      "dots": "35",
      "char": "⠔",
      "onCarrier": "की"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ु",
      "vowel": "उ",
      "dots": "136",
      "char": "⠥",
      "onCarrier": "कु"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ू",
      "vowel": "ऊ",
      "dots": "1256",
      "char": "⠳",
      "onCarrier": "कू"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ृ",
      "vowel": "ऋ",
      "dots": "5-1235",
      "char": "⠐⠗",
      "onCarrier": "कृ"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ॄ",
      "vowel": "ॠ",
      "dots": "6-1235",
      "char": "⠠⠗",
      "onCarrier": "कॄ"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ॢ",
      "vowel": "ऌ",
      "dots": "5-123",
      "char": "⠐⠇",
      "onCarrier": "कॢ"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ॣ",
      "vowel": "ॡ",
      "dots": "6-123",
      "char": "⠠⠇",
      "onCarrier": "कॣ"
    },
    {
      "matra": "े",
      "vowel": "ए",
      "dots": "15",
      "char": "⠑",
      "onCarrier": "के"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ै",
      "vowel": "ऐ",
      "dots": "34",
      "char": "⠌",
      "onCarrier": "कै"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ॉ",
      "vowel": "ऑ",
      "dots": "1346",
      "char": "⠭",
      "onCarrier": "कॉ"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ो",
      "vowel": "ओ",
      "dots": "135",
      "char": "⠕",
      "onCarrier": "को"
    },
    {
      "matra": "ौ",
      "vowel": "औ",
      "dots": "246",
      "char": "⠪",
      "onCarrier": "कौ"
    }
  ],
  "nukta": [
    {
      "letter": "क़",
      "base": "क",
      "dots": "5-13",
      "char": "⠐⠅",
      "ownCell": false
    },
    {
      "letter": "ख़",
      "base": "ख",
      "dots": "5-46",
      "char": "⠐⠨",
      "ownCell": false
    },
    {
      "letter": "ग़",
      "base": "ग",
      "dots": "5-1245",
      "char": "⠐⠛",
      "ownCell": false
    },
    {
      "letter": "ज़",
      "base": "ज",
      "dots": "5-245",
      "char": "⠐⠚",
      "ownCell": false
    },
    {
      "letter": "फ़",
      "base": "फ",
      "dots": "5-124",
      "char": "⠐⠋",
      "ownCell": false
    },
    {
      "letter": "य़",
      "base": "य",
      "dots": "5-13456",
      "char": "⠐⠽",
      "ownCell": false
    },
    {
      "letter": "ऩ",
      "base": "न",
      "dots": "5-1345",
      "char": "⠐⠝",
      "ownCell": false
    },
    {
      "letter": "ऱ",
      "base": "र",
      "dots": "5-1235",
      "char": "⠐⠗",
      "ownCell": false
    },
    {
      "letter": "ड़",
      "base": null,
      "dots": "12456",
      "char": "⠻",
      "ownCell": true
    },
    {
      "letter": "ढ़",
      "base": null,
      "dots": "5-12456",
      "char": "⠐⠻",
      "ownCell": true
    },
    {
      "letter": "ऴ",
      "base": null,
      "dots": "5-12356",
      "char": "⠐⠷",
      "ownCell": true
    }
  ],
  "signs": [
    {
      "sign": "ँ",
      "dots": "3",
      "char": "⠄",
      "name": "चन्द्रबिन्दु",
      "combining": true
    },
    {
      "sign": "ं",
      "dots": "56",
      "char": "⠰",
      "name": "अनुस्वार",
      "combining": true
    },
    {
      "sign": "ः",
      "dots": "6",
      "char": "⠠",
      "name": "विसर्ग",
      "combining": true
    },
    {
      "sign": "ऽ",
      "dots": "2",
      "char": "⠂",
      "name": "अवग्रह",
      "combining": false
    },
    {
      "sign": "ॐ",
      "dots": "5-1256",
      "char": "⠐⠳",
      "name": "ॐ",
      "combining": false
    }
  ],
  "digits": [
    {
      "digit": 0,
      "devanagari": "०",
      "dots": "245",
      "char": "⠚"
    },
    {
      "digit": 1,
      "devanagari": "१",
      "dots": "1",
      "char": "⠁"
    },
    {
      "digit": 2,
      "devanagari": "२",
      "dots": "12",
      "char": "⠃"
    },
    {
      "digit": 3,
      "devanagari": "३",
      "dots": "14",
      "char": "⠉"
    },
    {
      "digit": 4,
      "devanagari": "४",
      "dots": "145",
      "char": "⠙"
    },
    {
      "digit": 5,
      "devanagari": "५",
      "dots": "15",
      "char": "⠑"
    },
    {
      "digit": 6,
      "devanagari": "६",
      "dots": "124",
      "char": "⠋"
    },
    {
      "digit": 7,
      "devanagari": "७",
      "dots": "1245",
      "char": "⠛"
    },
    {
      "digit": 8,
      "devanagari": "८",
      "dots": "125",
      "char": "⠓"
    },
    {
      "digit": 9,
      "devanagari": "९",
      "dots": "24",
      "char": "⠊"
    }
  ],
  "punctuation": [
    {
      "mark": "।",
      "dots": [
        "256"
      ],
      "char": "⠲",
      "name": "पूर्ण विराम",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": "॥",
      "dots": [
        "256",
        "256"
      ],
      "char": "⠲⠲",
      "name": "द्विदण्ड",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": ".",
      "dots": [
        "256"
      ],
      "char": "⠲",
      "name": "बिन्दु",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": ",",
      "dots": [
        "2"
      ],
      "char": "⠂",
      "name": "अल्पविराम",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": ";",
      "dots": [
        "23"
      ],
      "char": "⠆",
      "name": "अर्धविराम",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": ":",
      "dots": [
        "25"
      ],
      "char": "⠒",
      "name": "अपूर्ण विराम",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": "?",
      "dots": [
        "236"
      ],
      "char": "⠦",
      "name": "प्रश्नवाचक चिह्न",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": "!",
      "dots": [
        "235"
      ],
      "char": "⠖",
      "name": "विस्मयादिबोधक चिह्न",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": "\"",
      "dots": [
        "236"
      ],
      "char": "⠦",
      "name": "उद्धरण चिह्न",
      "sided": true,
      "closeDots": [
        "356"
      ]
    },
    {
      "mark": "“",
      "dots": [
        "236"
      ],
      "char": "⠦",
      "name": "उद्धरण चिह्न, आरम्भ",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": "”",
      "dots": [
        "356"
      ],
      "char": "⠴",
      "name": "उद्धरण चिह्न, अन्त",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": "'",
      "dots": [
        "6",
        "236"
      ],
      "char": "⠠⠦",
      "name": "अपोस्ट्रॉफ़ी",
      "sided": true,
      "closeDots": [
        "356",
        "3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "mark": "‘",
      "dots": [
        "6",
        "236"
      ],
      "char": "⠠⠦",
      "name": "अपोस्ट्रॉफ़ी, आरम्भ",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": "’",
      "dots": [
        "356",
        "3"
      ],
      "char": "⠴⠄",
      "name": "अपोस्ट्रॉफ़ी, अन्त",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": "(",
      "dots": [
        "2356"
      ],
      "char": "⠶",
      "name": "कोष्ठक, आरम्भ",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": ")",
      "dots": [
        "2356"
      ],
      "char": "⠶",
      "name": "कोष्ठक, अन्त",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": "-",
      "dots": [
        "36"
      ],
      "char": "⠤",
      "name": "योजक चिह्न",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": "–",
      "dots": [
        "36"
      ],
      "char": "⠤",
      "name": "डैश",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    },
    {
      "mark": "/",
      "dots": [
        "34"
      ],
      "char": "⠌",
      "name": "तिरछी रेखा",
      "sided": false,
      "closeDots": null
    }
  ],
  "indicators": {
    "number": {
      "dots": "3456",
      "name": "अंक चिह्न",
      "en": "the number sign"
    },
    "halant": {
      "dots": "4",
      "name": "हलन्त",
      "en": "the halant"
    },
    "nukta": {
      "dots": "5",
      "name": "नुक़्ता",
      "en": "the nukta"
    },
    "vowel": {
      "dots": "1",
      "name": "स्वर चिह्न",
      "en": "the independent-vowel sign"
    }
  },
  "coverage": {
    "consonants": 34,
    "vowels": 15,
    "matras": 14,
    "nukta": 11,
    "conjuncts": 2,
    "signs": 5,
    "punctuation": 19,
    "divergences": 4,
    "superseded": 4,
    "ambiguous": 5,
    "accuracy": {
      "corpus": 5000,
      "exact": 4997,
      "characterProbes": 205,
      "reference": "liblouis, table hi-in-g1, revised 2026-02-26 for Bharati Braille 2.1"
    },
    "supersededByRevision": {
      "words": 250,
      "share": 5,
      "changes": [
        {
          "id": "pha",
          "character": "फ",
          "was": "235",
          "now": "124",
          "why": "The 2014 table gives फ dots 2-3-5; Bharati 2.1 gives it 1-2-4. फ is one of the commonest consonants in Hindi, so this change alone alters 156 of the five thousand commonest words — फिर, साफ, फोन, तरफ."
        },
        {
          "id": "nukta",
          "character": "क़",
          "was": "13",
          "now": "5-13",
          "why": "The 2014 table deleted the nukta outright, so क़ and क, ज़ and ज, फ़ and फ were the same cells — a distinction that changes the word disappeared. Bharati 2.1 gives the nukta a cell of its own, dot 5, written in front of the letter."
        },
        {
          "id": "collisions",
          "character": "ऩ",
          "was": "56",
          "now": "5-1345",
          "why": "In the 2014 table ऩ shared its cell with anusvara, ऱ with ड़ and ऴ with ल — three letters a reader could not tell from three other things. Bharati 2.1 removes all three by writing them with the nukta prefix."
        },
        {
          "id": "number-sign",
          "character": "१",
          "was": "1",
          "now": "3456-1",
          "why": "The 2014 table wrote no number sign before Devanagari digits, so १ and अ were the same single cell, while 1 written in Latin digits did get the sign. Bharati 2.1 writes the number sign for both."
        }
      ]
    },
    "divergesFromReference": [
      {
        "id": "gya-halant",
        "name": "The halant on ज्ञ् is written on the wrong side",
        "reference": "writes the halant after the letter",
        "thisEngine": "writes it before, as it does for every other consonant",
        "why": "Every halanted consonant in the table is written halant-first, and there is an explicit rule doing exactly that for क्ष्. ज्ञ् — the only other conjunct with a cell of its own — has no such rule, so it falls through to the generic one and comes out with the halant trailing. That is a gap in an enumeration, not an orthographic rule: no source writes one conjunct's halant on one side and the other's on the other.",
        "source": "devanagari.cti — क्ष् के लिए नियम है, ज्ञ् के लिए नहीं"
      },
      {
        "id": "override-halant",
        "name": "भर्, खम् and खक् get the halant on the wrong side",
        "reference": "writes the halant after the second consonant",
        "thisEngine": "writes it before the consonant it belongs to",
        "why": "Four rules in the table match two characters at once — भ+र, ख+म, ख+क and ख+comma. None of them is about Hindi spelling: each exists to stop the English table this one includes from turning those pairs into ®, µ, = and >. But matching two characters consumes the first, so a halant on the second has nothing to attach to and falls through to the generic rule, which writes it trailing. कर्म and खर्च come out right because no override covers क+र or ख+र; भर्ती does not. The bug is not in the halant rules at all.",
        "source": "devanagari.cti — 'needed to override ® in en-in-g1.ctb table'"
      },
      {
        "id": "canonical-order",
        "name": "A nukta written after the halant is dropped",
        "reference": "drops the nukta, changing the letter",
        "thisEngine": "treats both orderings as the same text, because Unicode says they are",
        "why": "The nukta has combining class 7 and the virama 9, so canonical ordering puts the nukta first and declares the two spellings identical — that is what canonical equivalence means. liblouis does not reorder, so it writes क़् for one and क् for the other, losing the letter in the second. Real text carries both orderings: the word ज़्यादा appears in this corpus spelled with the virama first.",
        "source": "यूनिकोड मानक अनुलग्नक #१५, प्रामाणिक क्रम"
      },
      {
        "id": "repeated-anusvara",
        "name": "A repeated anusvara is silently dropped",
        "reference": "writes one cell where the text has two marks",
        "thisEngine": "writes what the text contains",
        "why": "An anusvara immediately following another nasal mark is not written at all. ँँ survives and ःः survives; ंं does not. This is character loss rather than an orthographic rule, and character loss is invisible in embossed braille — there is nothing on the page to tell the reader something was there.",
        "source": "जाँचा गया: ०९०२ ०९०२ एक ख़ाना देता है, ०९०१ ०९०१ दो।"
      }
    ],
    "ambiguousCells": [
      {
        "cell": "34",
        "characters": [
          "ऐ",
          "ऍ"
        ],
        "why": "Bharati 2.1 assigns no cell to ऍ, the candra e used for English loanwords; the table gives it ऐ's cell, so the two cannot be told apart."
      },
      {
        "cell": "1346",
        "characters": [
          "ऑ",
          "ऒ",
          "ॅ"
        ],
        "why": "ऒ is a Dravidian short o and ॅ is the candra-e matra; both are given ऑ's cell."
      },
      {
        "cell": "5-1235",
        "characters": [
          "ऋ",
          "ऱ"
        ],
        "why": "2.1 moved ऱ onto the nukta prefix, which put it on the same two cells as the vowel ऋ. The 2014 collision with ड़ is gone; this one replaced it."
      },
      {
        "cell": "3456",
        "characters": [
          "ण",
          "अंक चिह्न"
        ],
        "why": "ण and the number sign are the same cell. The table acknowledges this with a rule restricting ण to the middle and end of words, which does not help a word that begins with it."
      },
      {
        "cell": "digits",
        "characters": [
          "१ अ",
          "१ ब",
          "१ फ",
          "१ इ",
          "१ ज"
        ],
        "why": "Five consonants and two matras share cells with digits, and Bharati defines no letter sign to close a number. So १अ and ११ are the same three cells, and nothing in the code can separate them. This engine reproduces that rather than inventing a sign no published source defines."
      }
    ]
  }
}