Shortform
“afterward” in braille
Written a-f-w — 9 letters cut to 3 letters of abbreviation, then written in 3 cells. That is 6 cells saved every time the word appears.
dots 1, then dots 1-2-4, then dots 2-4-5-6
Unicode ⠁⠋⠺ — 9 letters in 3 cells
How to recognise it
a-f-w, the third member of the af- set, and the only one of the three that is not among the five thousand commonest English words. “afterwards” keeps the shortform and adds an s, which makes four cells.
Two steps, not one
Abbreviated in letters first, then written in cells. “afterward” loses 6 letters — t, e, r, a, r, d — to become afw. Every letter of the abbreviation is then written as itself, one cell each.
| Stage | What it is | Cells |
|---|---|---|
| Spelled out | afterward | 9 cells |
| Abbreviated | afw | 3 letters |
| Written | 3 cells |
Longer words that keep it
The Shortforms List (Rules of Unified English Braille, Appendix 1) names no longer word that keeps “afterward”. A longer word that is not on the list is spelled out. An added s keeps the cells as well: “afterwards” is ⠁⠋⠺⠎ (10.9.5).
| Word | In braille | Ending | Cells |
|---|---|---|---|
| afterwards | -s | 4 cells |
Learn it with the af- words
This is one of 3 shortforms built to the same shape — a-f, then what tells them apart: after (af), afternoon (afn).
What these 3 cells mean elsewhere
Every cell here has other jobs, which is where misreadings come from:
| Cell | Dots | What it is elsewhere |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | the letter a | |
| 1-2-4 | the letter f; the word “from” standing alone | |
| 2-4-5-6 | the letter w; the word “will” standing alone |
In a whole book
In a count over the whole of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (26,439 words), this contraction is written 2 times and saves 12 cells. That is 0.03% of everything Grade 2 saves in the book, and ranks it 143rd of the 158 contractions used.
The one word it is written in: afterwards (2).
Check your own text
The translator writes “afterward” with Grade 2 selected, and the contractions page has all seventy-five.
“afterward” in braille as an image
The word as it is actually written: afw in 3 cells, not 9 letters.
